Other

Adolescent psychosocial assessment (HEEADSSS)

Adolescent health: HEEADSSS psychosocial assessment in AU general practice

How to use HEEADSSS with adolescent patients in Australian general practice — confidentiality, Gillick competence, mandatory reporting, and referral pathways.

Safety-netting for deteriorating patients in general practice

Safety-netting for deteriorating patients — the AU general practice guide

Safety-netting in AU general practice — the five-element script, tracer presentations, documentation standards, and medico-legal framework for GPs.

Driver fitness and firearms medical assessment — Australian general practice

Driver fitness and firearms — the Austroads GP assessment framework

Australian GP guide to Austroads AFTD 2022 driver fitness assessment and firearms licensing — state-by-state reporting obligations.

Lymphoedema

Lymphoedema — diagnosis, complex decongestive therapy and AU care pathways

Lymphoedema — Stemmer's sign, ISL staging, distinguishing it from venous oedema, and complex decongestive therapy via ALA-certified therapists.

Microscopic colitis (collagenous and lymphocytic)

Microscopic colitis — diagnosis, budesonide, and drug-trigger review

Microscopic colitis — why it is missed, right-and-left colon biopsies, drug-trigger review, and budesonide-first management in Australian general practice.

Acute liver failure

Acute liver failure: recognising the emergency and transferring immediately

Acute liver failure is a time-critical emergency. Learn the paracetamol overdose trap, when to start NAC, King's College Criteria, and AU transplant centres.

Gastric cancer

Gastric cancer: recognising alarm features and the AU GP pathway

Around 2,300 Australians develop stomach cancer each year. Learn alarm features, H. pylori's role, urgent referral, and post-gastrectomy follow-up.

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Liver cancer surveillance: who to screen and how in AU general practice

Hepatocellular carcinoma is rising in Australia. Learn who needs 6-monthly liver ultrasound plus AFP, how to act on findings, and BCLC staging basics.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO)

Fever that won't go away — investigating prolonged fever in AU general practice

Why some fevers persist for weeks, the structured workup your GP uses, key causes, and what the diagnostic process looks like — the AU general practice guide.

Immunocompromised patient care

Living with immunosuppression — protecting your health in Australia

What immunosuppression means for your daily life, vaccines, infection risk, sick-day rules, and when to seek urgent care — the AU general practice guide.

Lymphoma (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin)

Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma — recognition and care in Australia

Lymphoma signs, diagnosis, treatment overview, survivorship care, and the GP's role — what Australian patients and families need to understand.

Medico-legal reporting obligations

When GPs must report — Australia's mandatory reporting laws explained

What triggers a GP's legal duty to report in Australia — child protection, elder abuse, notifiable diseases, fitness to drive, and more.

Mosquito-borne arboviral and parasitic disease

Mosquito-borne disease in Australia: Ross River, dengue, malaria, JEV

Ross River fever, dengue, malaria, Japanese encephalitis — diagnosis, notification and prevention in Australian general practice.

Scrotal swelling

Scrotal swelling — hydrocoele, varicocoele and epididymal cyst in AU practice

Scrotal swelling in adult men is almost always benign — but the GP must exclude testicular tumour, torsion, and the right-sided varicocoele red flag.

Urethritis and urethral discharge

Urethritis and urethral discharge — the AU general practice approach

Urethritis is almost always sexually acquired — chlamydia, gonorrhoea, or Mycoplasma genitalium. The AU workup, treatment, and partner notification pathway.

Lipoedema

Lipoedema: recognising and managing a commonly misdiagnosed condition

Lipoedema — a painful fat disorder almost exclusively affecting women, frequently misdiagnosed as obesity, with conservative and surgical management options.

Termination of pregnancy

Termination of pregnancy: the AU general practice approach

Medical and surgical TOP in Australia — MS 2 Step regimen, legal framework by state, anti-D, contraception planning, and telehealth access.

Occupational injury and workers' compensation

Workers' compensation and medical certificates: the GP's role in Australia

Certificates of Capacity, return-to-work planning, and the GP's medico-legal obligations across Australian workers' compensation and Centrelink systems.

Bacterial meningitis

Bacterial meningitis: urgent recognition and management in AU general practice

Bacterial meningitis diagnosis, empirical antibiotic plus dexamethasone within 30 minutes, contact tracing, vaccination, and post-recovery care.

Cauda equina syndrome

Cauda equina syndrome: urgent recognition and management in AU general practice

Cauda equina syndrome: red flag pentad, mandatory PR exam, same-day MRI, surgical timing evidence, and GP transfer responsibilities in Australian practice.

Hereditary cancer syndromes

Hereditary cancer syndromes: recognition and referral in AU general practice

Hereditary cancer syndromes: eviQ referral criteria, MBS-funded panel testing (MSAC 1504), CAPP2 aspirin for Lynch, RRSO for BRCA, and insurance considerations.

Leukaemia

Leukaemia: recognition and workup — the AU general practice approach

Leukaemia recognition in AU general practice — FBC red flags, same-day referral triggers, CLL versus AML versus CML versus ALL, and survivorship shared care.

Australian snakebite envenomation

Snakebite in Australia: pressure-immobilisation and hospital care

Australian snakebite first aid, the pressure-immobilisation technique, envenomation syndromes, antivenom selection, and the GP role in post-discharge care.

Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma — recognition, workup, and GP shared care

Multiple myeloma: red-flag CRAB symptoms, initial GP workup, urgent referral criteria, and shared-care responsibilities in an Australian setting.

Bladder cancer

Bladder cancer: haematuria recognition and the AU general practice pathway

Visible haematuria in any adult is bladder cancer until proven otherwise. The AU investigation pathway, staging, treatment overview, and GP survivorship role.

Endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer — recognising PMB and the GP pathway

Why any postmenopausal bleeding needs urgent workup, risk factors for Australia's most common gynaecological cancer, Lynch syndrome, and the AU GP pathway.

Paracetamol overdose

Paracetamol overdose: antidote, nomogram and AU harm-reduction framework

Paracetamol overdose — why it's Australia's most dangerous self-poisoning agent, the NAC antidote, nomogram, modified-release differences and pack-size reform.

Ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer: symptoms to recognise and the GP pathway in Australia

Ovarian cancer symptoms, Risk of Malignancy Index, CA-125 workup, BRCA testing, and the Australian general-practice referral pathway.

Recurrent pregnancy loss

Recurrent miscarriage: causes, workup, and what happens next

Two or more pregnancy losses warrant investigation. This covers the evidence-based workup, treatable causes, and the strong chance of a healthy next pregnancy.

Male factor infertility

Male infertility: semen analysis, investigation, and GP referral

Male factor causes ~50% of couple infertility. GP pathway: semen analysis × 2, hormone workup, lifestyle, and Australian referral criteria.

Comprehensive geriatric assessment

Comprehensive geriatric assessment and RACF care in Australian GP

The AU general practice framework for comprehensive geriatric assessment — 75+ health assessments, My Aged Care, polypharmacy review, elder abuse and RACF care.

Thrombocytopenia and abnormal FBC

Thrombocytopenia — low platelet count: GP workup and red flags

A low platelet count on a routine FBC needs a systematic GP workup to separate benign from life-threatening causes, including TTP, HIT, and acute leukaemia.

Lactation mastitis and breastfeeding problems

Mastitis and breastfeeding pain: the Australian general practice guide

Mastitis spectrum, breast abscess, and nipple pain — what Australian GPs and patients need to know, including the 2022 ABM paradigm shift.

Raynaud's phenomenon

Raynaud's phenomenon: the Australian general practice guide

Raynaud's phenomenon — diagnosing the colour change triad, workup for connective tissue disease, calcium channel blockers, and Australian management.

Refugee and migrant health assessment

Refugee and migrant health: the Australian general practice guide

Refugee health assessment, MBS items 701/703/705, latent TB, hepatitis B, PTSD, interpreter services, and FASSTT network in Australian general practice.

Epistaxis

Nosebleeds (epistaxis): how to stop them and prevent recurrence

Most nosebleeds stop with 15 minutes of firm nasal pinching. Learn the AU general practice approach to assessment, treatment, and prevention.

Leg ulcers (venous, arterial, mixed, diabetic foot)

Leg ulcers: diagnosing venous, arterial, and diabetic types in general practice

Leg ulcers affect ~1% of Australians. Learn to identify each type, measure ABPI before compression, and when to refer to specialists.

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

Glandular fever (EBV mononucleosis): what to expect and when to worry

Glandular fever — diagnosis, why antibiotics don't help, why to avoid contact sport for 3–4 weeks, and the Australian GP management pathway.

Enuresis (childhood nocturnal and diurnal incontinence)

Bedwetting (enuresis) in children: causes, alarm therapy, and desmopressin

Bedwetting in children — when it is normal, how alarm therapy works, when to investigate, and the Australian GP pathway including PBS-listed desmopressin.

Anogenital warts and HPV-related disease

Genital warts and HPV: treatment, Gardasil 9, and cervical screening

Genital warts and HPV in Australian general practice — treatment options, Gardasil 9 vaccination, cervical screening self-collection, and HPV cancer risk.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)

SIBO (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth): the AU general practice approach

SIBO and IMO — what they are, who gets them, how breath testing works, and the Australian treatment pathway including the rifaximin cost reality.

Domestic and family violence

Domestic and family violence: screening, safety planning, and the GP role

How Australian GPs screen for domestic and family violence, apply the AVDR framework, assess lethality, and connect patients to safety services.

Elder abuse

Elder abuse: detection, assessment, and management in general practice

Elder abuse affects 1 in 7 older Australians. How GPs detect it, assess capacity, document, use the SIRS in aged care, and connect patients with advocacy.

Paediatric food allergy and atopic march

Paediatric food allergy: the Australian guide for parents and GPs

Australia has the world's highest childhood food allergy rates. Early introduction, anaphylaxis management, EpiPen prescribing, and atopic march explained.

Preventive health and health assessments

Health checks and prevention in Australian general practice

Age-banded guide to health checks, cancer screening, vaccinations, GPCCMP, and the prevention activities offered through Australian general practice.

Vaccine hesitancy

Vaccine hesitancy — the Australian GP approach

How Australian GPs address vaccine hesitancy — presumptive recommendations, motivational interviewing, debunking common myths, and AU policy frameworks.

Ovarian cysts

Ovarian cysts: GP approach to risk stratification and surveillance

Most ovarian cysts are benign and self-resolving. The AU general practice framework for risk stratification, surveillance, and when to refer urgently.

Achalasia

Achalasia: when the oesophagus stops letting food through

Achalasia is a rare oesophageal motility disorder causing dysphagia for solids and liquids — diagnostic delay averages five years, often mislabelled as reflux.

Acromegaly

Acromegaly: when too much growth hormone changes your body

Acromegaly is a rare pituitary condition causing gradual changes in face, hands, and joints — diagnosed five to ten years after symptoms begin, but treatable.

Oral health — dental caries, periodontal disease, oral mucosal disease, oral cancer

Oral health in general practice: what GPs need to know

How Australian GPs detect oral cancer early, manage dental pain without antibiotics, and connect patients with dental funding schemes.

Paediatric functional constipation

Paediatric constipation: the two-phase management approach

How Australian GPs diagnose and manage childhood constipation using Rome IV criteria, PEG disimpaction, maintenance therapy, and behavioural toilet training.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)

Clostridioides difficile infection: recognition, treatment, and prevention

C. difficile (CDI) after antibiotics — how to test, when fidaxomicin or vancomycin is preferred over metronidazole, and the role of FMT for recurrence.

Childhood viral exanthems and hand-foot-mouth disease

Childhood viral exanthems: recognition, treatment, and not-to-miss mimics

Common childhood rashes — measles, rubella, parvovirus, varicella, scarlet fever, HFMD — with the critical not-to-miss conditions every GP must identify.

Childhood and adolescent obesity

Childhood and adolescent obesity: the AU general-practice framework

About 25% of Australian children are above a healthy weight. Covers BMI centile assessment, family-centred management, pharmacotherapy, and when to refer.

Paediatric fever

Paediatric fever: red flags, when to escalate, and the AU approach

How Australian GPs assess fever in children — traffic-light red flags for meningococcaemia, Kawasaki disease and sepsis, antipyresis, and safety-netting.

Cerumen impaction and otalgia

Cerumen impaction and ear pain: the AU general practice approach

Ear pain and cerumen impaction — differential diagnosis, safe wax removal, otitis externa and media management, ATSI ear health, and red-flag recognition.

Dry eye disease, glaucoma, cataract

Dry eye, glaucoma and cataract: AU general practice eye screening

Chronic eye conditions in Australian general practice — dry eye disease, glaucoma screening, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, AMD, and when to refer.

Cancer-related fatigue

Cancer-related fatigue: the Australian general practice management guide

Cancer-related fatigue: assessing reversible causes, evidence-based management, and cardiotoxicity surveillance in Australian general practice.

Gender-affirming care and LGBTIQ+ health

Gender-affirming care: the Australian general practice approach

Gender-affirming hormone therapy, inclusive practice, screening, and mental health care for trans and gender diverse patients in Australian general practice.

Opioid weaning and tapering

Opioid tapering in AU general practice: shared, slow, and safe

How to approach opioid dose reduction in chronic non-cancer pain — shared decision-making, taper rates, withdrawal management, and the never-force principle.

Prostatitis (acute bacterial, chronic bacterial, and chronic pelvic pain syndrome)

Prostatitis: acute bacterial, chronic, and CPPS — the AU GP approach

Prostatitis in general practice — the NIH I–IV classification, when antibiotics help, and why pelvic floor physio is first-line for CPPS.

Diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy: screening and prevention in Australian general practice

Why annual eye screening prevents blindness in diabetes, the GP's role in risk reduction, and Australian referral and treatment pathways.

Palliative care and advance care planning

Palliative care and advance care planning: the Australian GP approach

End-of-life care, symptom management, advance care directives, and voluntary assisted dying — the Australian general practice framework.

Pertussis (whooping cough)

Pertussis (whooping cough): recognition, treatment, and prevention in Australia

Whooping cough — how to diagnose it, when to give azithromycin, who needs prophylaxis, and why maternal dTpa in every pregnancy matters.

Sepsis

Sepsis recognition and immediate management: the GP's role in Australia

Sepsis — how to recognise it quickly in general practice, when to call 000, how to give the first antibiotic, and what post-sepsis survivorship looks like.

Tuberculosis and latent TB infection

Tuberculosis & latent TB: the AU general practice approach

TB and latent TB in Australia — who to screen, how to test, when to notify, and what treatment looks like from the GP's perspective.

HIV infection and PrEP

HIV and PrEP — the Australian general-practice approach

HIV in general practice — U=U treatment as prevention, PrEP prescribing, PEP within 72 h, GP shared care, and reducing HIV-related stigma.

Chronic pelvic pain

Chronic pelvic pain: multimodal care from day one

Chronic pelvic pain — why it's almost always multifactorial, how to start treatment before a diagnosis, and the AU general practice pathway for women and men.

Lymphadenopathy

Swollen lymph nodes: when to watch and when to act urgently

Lymphadenopathy — how to distinguish reactive from concerning nodes, which investigations matter, and when to refer for biopsy in Australian general practice.

Male hypogonadism

Low testosterone in men: diagnosis, PBS criteria, and treatment

Male hypogonadism — how to diagnose it correctly, what the Australian PBS criteria require, and when lifestyle change is the treatment rather than testosterone.

Genital herpes

Genital herpes (HSV): diagnosis, treatment, and the AU GP approach

Genital herpes — HSV PCR diagnosis, aciclovir regimens for primary and recurrent episodes, suppressive therapy, and pregnancy management in AU general practice.

Cholelithiasis and biliary colic

Gallstones & biliary colic: the AU general practice approach

Gallstones — who develops them, when treatment is needed, what laparoscopic cholecystectomy involves, and which complications need urgent care.

Age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration: the AU general practice approach

AMD — who gets it, how it's staged, what AREDS2 supplements do, when to refer urgently, and what the new geographic atrophy treatments can and cannot offer.

Chronic rhinitis

Chronic rhinitis: intranasal steroids first — the AU general practice approach

Chronic rhinitis — intranasal corticosteroids first-line, how to distinguish allergic from vasomotor and NAR subtypes, and the AU management pathway.

Cancer survivorship

Cancer survivorship: what your GP manages after treatment ends

Over 1.4 million Australians live beyond cancer. This covers the GP-led survivorship programme: surveillance, late effects, lifestyle, and psychosocial support.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health assessment

Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander health assessment: MBS 715 guide

MBS Item 715, Closing the Gap PBS co-payment, and cultural safety in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health for Australian GPs.

Immunisation — National Immunisation Program

Australian immunisation schedule: NIP, adult vaccines and catch-up

National Immunisation Program schedule, Shingrix, RSV, single-dose HPV, Prevenar 20, cold chain, and AEFI management for Australian GPs.

Travel medicine — pre-travel consultation

Travel medicine: pre-travel consultation guide for Australian GPs

Vaccines, malaria prophylaxis, traveller's diarrhoea, altitude illness, and returning traveller assessment in Australian general practice.

Red eye and conjunctivitis

Red eye and conjunctivitis: triage and treatment in Australian general practice

Most red eyes in general practice are benign. This guide covers vision-threatening red flags, conjunctivitis management, and urgent referral criteria.

Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis: recognition, emergency treatment, and Australian prevention

How to recognise anaphylaxis, when to use adrenaline, 4-hour observation, and discharge planning with ASCIA Action Plans and allergist referral.

Persistent fatigue

Fatigue: the Australian GP workup — systematic investigation of tiredness

How Australian GPs investigate persistent fatigue — staged blood tests, red flags requiring urgent workup, and when ME/CFS or Long COVID applies.

Polypharmacy and inappropriate prescribing

Polypharmacy and deprescribing in Australian general practice

How Australian GPs review, reduce, and safely stop medications in older adults — STOPP/START criteria, deprescribing protocols, and MBS pathways.

Chronic hepatitis C

Chronic hepatitis C: DAA cure and the AU Section 100 prescribing pathway

Chronic hepatitis C in Australia — who to test, the 8-week Maviret cure, drug interactions to check, and how GPs access the Section 100 PBS prescribing pathway.

Chronic hepatitis B

Chronic hepatitis B: the Australian general practice management guide

Chronic hepatitis B — screening, serology, treatment indications, Section 100 prescribing, HCC surveillance, and vaccination in Australian general practice.

Pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence (female)

Pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence: AU general practice guide

Pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence in Australian women: pelvic floor physio, pessary, medications, surgery, and the AU mesh context.

Prostate cancer screening

Prostate cancer screening and PSA: the informed decision in AU general practice

PSA screening, shared decision-making, mpMRI before biopsy, and active surveillance — the 2024 Australian approach to prostate cancer in general practice.

Sexually transmitted infections

STI screening and management: the AU general practice guide

Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, HIV, and beyond — opportunistic screening, treatment, partner notification, and prevention in AU general practice.

Long COVID / Post-COVID-19 condition

Long COVID (post-COVID-19 condition): the AU general practice guide

Long COVID affects ~5–10% of SARS-CoV-2 infections. How to assess, investigate, and manage PEM-positive and PEM-negative presentations in general practice.

Colorectal cancer screening

Bowel cancer screening in Australia: NBCSP, FOBT, and colonoscopy surveillance

Bowel cancer screening in Australia — NBCSP iFOBT for ages 45–74, colonoscopy intervals after polyps, family history risk stratification, and the GP's role.

Falls in older adults

Falls in older adults: multifactorial prevention in Australian general practice

Falls in older Australians — GP-led multifactorial assessment, the Otago and Tai Chi evidence, medication deprescribing, vitamin D, and MBS pathways.

Nicotine dependence

Smoking cessation: the evidence-based approach for Australian GPs

5As brief intervention, combination NRT, varenicline and Quitline 13 78 48 — the RACGP framework for smoking cessation in Australian general practice.

Acute otitis media and otitis externa

Ear infections (otitis media and externa): what to do and when to see a GP

Otitis media and outer-ear infection (swimmer's ear): what helps, when antibiotics are needed, and warning signs that mean act now.

Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency

Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency: diagnosis and treatment

B12 and folate deficiency — causes, macrocytic anaemia, neurological features, investigation, IM or oral replacement, and the AU general practice approach.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)

ME/CFS and long COVID fatigue: diagnosis, pacing, and when to see a GP

ME/CFS is a real biological illness with post-exertional malaise at its core. How it is diagnosed, why pacing matters, and what Australian GPs can offer.

Haemorrhoids and anorectal complaints

Haemorrhoids and anorectal problems: a patient guide for Australians

Haemorrhoids, anal fissures, and rectal bleeding explained — causes, treatments from fibre to banding, and when bleeding needs urgent investigation.

Acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis

Sore throat, pharyngitis and tonsillitis: when antibiotics actually help

Most sore throats are viral and settle in a week. How to tell viral from strep, when a throat swab matters, and what red flags need urgent care.

Vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin D deficiency: testing, supplementation, and sun safety

Vitamin D deficiency — who to test, severity thresholds, cholecalciferol dosing, sun exposure guidance, and the Australian general practice approach.

Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia: understanding the pain that is real but invisible

Fibromyalgia affects 2-4% of Australians. Plain-language guide to what it is, how it's diagnosed, and what helps — per AU and international guidelines.

Sinusitis (acute and chronic rhinosinusitis)

Sinusitis: acute, chronic, and why most cases don't need antibiotics

How acute viral sinusitis differs from bacterial and chronic sinusitis — saline rinses, nasal steroid sprays, when antibiotics help, and when to see a GP.

Urticaria and angioedema

Hives (urticaria) and angioedema: causes, treatment, when to see a GP

Hives and angioedema for Australian patients — acute vs chronic causes, antihistamine and omalizumab treatment, and red flags for the ED.

Vertigo and dizziness

Vertigo and dizziness: causes, BPPV, and when to see a GP

Vertigo is the illusion of spinning. How Australian GPs sort peripheral causes like BPPV from central causes like stroke, and what treatment looks like.

Tinnitus

Tinnitus: causes, assessment, and management in Australian practice

Tinnitus affects roughly one in seven Australian adults. How it is assessed, when it needs urgent review, and what actually helps reduce distress.

Dysmenorrhoea and endometriosis

Dysmenorrhoea and endometriosis: the Australian GP management guide

Period pain and endometriosis — NSAID and COC first-line, when to use dienogest or Mirena, deep disease assessment, and fertility planning in Australia.

Iron deficiency anaemia

Iron deficiency anaemia: ferritin, alternate-day iron, and when IV is right

Iron deficiency anaemia — ferritin thresholds, why alternate-day oral iron now wins, when IV iron is right, and the AU general practice pathway.

Supplement regulation in Australia

Reading AU supplement labels: AUST L vs AUST R, and what they mean

Reading Australian supplement labels — AUST L vs AUST R, TGA listing vs registration, and what 'evaluated' actually means in practice.

Hydration

Hydration: water, electrolytes, and the '8 glasses a day' myth

Hydration in adults — what AU dietary guidelines say about water intake, electrolytes, and the '8 glasses a day' rule, with sensible clinical framing.

Diet and chronic disease — ultra-processed food intake

Ultra-processed food: what the NOVA classification and BMJ 2024 actually show

Ultra-processed food and health — NOVA classification, BMJ 2024 umbrella review, Australian Dietary Guidelines, and what to do in general practice.

Fatigue

Why am I tired all the time? An Australian GP's workup for chronic fatigue

Why am I tired all the time? A clinical GP workup for persistent fatigue — red flags, history that matters, and the AU primary-tier tests.

Lifestyle foundations — the MERIT framework

MERIT — five lifestyle pillars an AU integrative GP returns to for every chronic condition: Movement, Eating, Rest, Inner calm, Toxin-free.