Learn › Renal
Renal
Kidneys, urinary tract, chronic kidney disease, electrolytes.
22 posts in this body system.
Full-text search across every page — patient-education library, /pulse news commentary, and site pages. Try statin, TGA peptides, insomnia.
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Peyronie's disease
Peyronie's disease: penile curvature, plaques, and the AU care pathway
Peyronie's disease — causes, the two clinical phases, what works and what doesn't, and the AU general practice and urology pathway.
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Renal tubular acidosis
Renal tubular acidosis: types, causes, and the AU management approach
Renal tubular acidosis: types 1, 2, and 4 distinguished by potassium and urine pH, with causes and alkali therapy for AU general practice.
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Balanitis and phimosis
Balanitis, phimosis and foreskin conditions: the AU general practice guide
Balanitis and phimosis — identifying candidal, bacterial, and lichen sclerosus causes, topical treatment, T2DM screening, and when to refer.
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Kidney transplant in general practice
Kidney transplant in general practice: the AU GP approach
Kidney transplant shared care in Australian general practice — immunosuppression, cancer surveillance, drug interactions, and when to call the transplant unit.
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Testicular and scrotal pain
Testicular and scrotal pain: torsion is the emergency, cancer is curable
Testicular and scrotal pain — torsion recognition (6-hour emergency), epididymo-orchitis treatment, testicular cancer signs, and the AU GP pathway.
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Prostate adenocarcinoma
Prostate cancer staging, treatment, and GP survivorship care
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in Australian men. This article covers risk stratification, treatment options, and the GP's ongoing survivorship role.
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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
ADPKD: the most common hereditary kidney disease — the AU GP guide
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease — how it progresses, when tolvaptan helps, BP targets, complication red flags, and the Australian GP framework.
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Male urinary incontinence
Male urinary incontinence: types, treatment, and the AU continence pathway
Male urinary incontinence in Australian general practice — classification, pelvic floor training, pharmacotherapy, and surgical options with AU billing.
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Testicular cancer (germ cell tumour)
Testicular cancer: recognition and management in AU general practice
Testicular cancer — 860 AU cases/year, 97% cured. GP role: spot the lump, urgent ultrasound + markers, refer urology within 2 weeks, bank sperm first.
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Hypokalaemia
Hypokalaemia: finding the cause and correcting it safely — the AU GP approach
Hypokalaemia (low potassium) — causes, severity-graded management, magnesium replacement, and the AU general practice approach to safe correction.
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Hyperkalaemia; hypokalaemia
Potassium disorders — high and low potassium in Australian general practice
Hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia: causes, ECG red flags, severity grading, treatment, and the Australian GP management pathway.
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Hyperkalaemia
Hyperkalaemia: recognising and managing high potassium in general practice
Hyperkalaemia — raised serum potassium — causes, severity grading, ECG red flags, and the AU general-practice management approach.
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Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome: diagnosis, investigation, and GP management
Nephrotic syndrome: proteinuria, oedema, low albumin, hyperlipidaemia. GP role: confirm the tetrad, screen for causes, arrange renal biopsy, prevent thrombosis.
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Asymptomatic bacteriuria and catheter-associated urinary tract infection
Asymptomatic bacteriuria and CAUTI: when not to treat a positive urine culture
Bacteriuria without symptoms should not be treated in most adults — what the evidence shows, the three exceptions, and the AU stewardship framework.
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Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis: AU general practice recognition and referral
Understanding glomerulonephritis in general practice — nephritic and nephrotic syndromes, RPGN emergencies, GP-led investigation, and when to call nephrology.
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Acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury: recognise, stop nephrotoxins, act fast
AKI — what triggers it, the drug combinations to avoid, when to call for help, and the AU general practice pathway for management and post-AKI follow-up.
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Haematuria (blood in the urine)
Blood in the urine (haematuria): what it means and what tests you need
Seeing blood in your urine, even once, needs investigation. What causes haematuria, the tests your GP will order, and when to see a urologist in Australia.
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Erectile dysfunction (ED)
Erectile dysfunction: what it means and how it's treated in Australia
ED affects about half of AU men aged 40-70 and is often an early warning sign of cardiovascular disease. How it's assessed and treated.
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Nephrolithiasis / renal colic
Kidney stones: acute colic, passing the stone, and preventing the next one
Kidney stones — why NSAID beats opioid for pain, when CT KUB is essential, and how to prevent recurrence by stone type in AU general practice.
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) / lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)
Enlarged prostate (BPH): symptoms, treatment, and when to see a GP
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes urinary symptoms in most men with age. How GPs assess, what treatments work, and when to seek help.
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Urinary tract infection
UTI: uncomplicated vs complicated, treatment, and recurrent prevention — AU GP
Urinary tract infection in Australian general practice — antibiotic selection, asymptomatic bacteriuria, recurrent UTI prevention, and escalation.
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Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease: the four-pillar AU primary-care approach
Chronic kidney disease — what eGFR and UACR actually mean, the four-pillar evidence-led treatment framework, and the AU GP pathway.