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Endocrine & metabolic
Hormones and metabolism — diabetes, thyroid, weight, insulin.
25 posts in this body system.
Full-text search across every page — patient-education library, /pulse news commentary, and site pages. Try statin, TGA peptides, insomnia.
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Magnesium deficiency and supplementation
Magnesium supplements — glycinate, citrate, threonate, oxide and the evidence
Magnesium variants compared — glycinate, L-threonate, citrate, oxide. Who benefits, which form to choose, what the evidence actually shows, and what to avoid.
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Primary hyperaldosteronism
Primary hyperaldosteronism: screening, diagnosis, and GP management
Primary hyperaldosteronism: found in 14% of AU hypertensives, screened in under 1%. The GP pathway from aldosterone-renin ratio testing to treatment.
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Diabetic ketoacidosis; Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state
DKA and HHS: when diabetes becomes a medical emergency
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) — the warning signs, what to do, and how GP care supports recovery.
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Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy
Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: What to Expect in Australia
Gender-affirming hormone therapy in Australia — informed-consent model, feminising and masculinising regimens, monitoring schedule, and PBS access.
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Cushing syndrome
Cushing syndrome: recognising cortisol excess in general practice
Cushing syndrome — when to screen, how to test, what the causes are, and the AU general practice role in detection and follow-up.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes — the AU general practice approach
Type 2 diabetes in Australia — how it's diagnosed, which medicines protect the heart and kidneys, annual monitoring targets, and when to escalate.
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Hyperprolactinaemia
Hyperprolactinaemia: causes, workup, and treatment in AU general practice
Elevated prolactin from medication, thyroid, or pituitary adenoma — the GP workup, when cabergoline is first-line, and the pituitary incidentaloma pathway.
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Acid-base disturbance
Acid-base disturbances: a practical guide for patients and carers
What it means when your blood is too acidic or too alkaline, why it happens, when it is an emergency, and what general practice and hospital teams do about it.
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Hypoglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia: recognising low blood glucose — AU general practice guide
Low blood glucose causes sweating and confusion and can progress to coma. Understand the 15-g rule, glucagon, CGM, and the Australian GP framework.
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Hypercalcaemia and primary hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcaemia and primary hyperparathyroidism: the GP approach
High calcium on a blood test: what it means, how to investigate in Australian general practice, when surgery is needed, and managing acute hypercalcaemia.
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Sodium disorders (hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia)
Hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia: the AU general practice management guide
Sodium disorders — hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia diagnostic framework, ODS prevention, drug causes, and cautious correction — AU GP electrolyte guide.
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Adrenal insufficiency
Adrenal insufficiency and steroid sick-day rules: AU general practice guide
Adrenal insufficiency — Addison's disease, iatrogenic steroid-induced AI, sick-day rules, emergency hydrocortisone kit, and the AU general practice pathway.
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Type 1 diabetes: shared care, CGM, and annual review in AU general practice
The GP's role in type 1 diabetes shared care — annual complication screening, NDSS-subsidised CGM, driving requirements, and sick day planning.
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Hereditary haemochromatosis
Hereditary haemochromatosis: diagnosis, venesection, and cascade testing
Hereditary haemochromatosis — iron studies, HFE genotyping, therapeutic venesection via Lifeblood, and family cascade testing in Australian general practice.
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Gestational diabetes mellitus
Gestational diabetes: screening, glucose targets, treatment, and postnatal care
Gestational diabetes: ~15% of AU pregnancies. OGTT screening, glucose targets, nutrition therapy, metformin or insulin, and essential postpartum follow-up.
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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MASLD (fatty liver disease): the Australian general practice approach
MASLD (fatty liver disease): FIB-4 fibrosis staging, weight loss targets, lifestyle management, and hepatologist referral thresholds for GPs.
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Menopause / perimenopause
What the WHI study actually showed about HRT and breast cancer
What the 2002 WHI trial actually showed about HRT, breast cancer and heart risk — a forensic, absolute-risk, plain-English read of the evidence.
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Obesity and metabolic syndrome
Obesity and metabolic syndrome: the AU general practice approach
Obesity — a chronic relapsing disease. AU guide to diagnosis, GLP-1 RA, bariatric surgery, and metabolic syndrome in general practice.
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Hyperthyroidism and thyroid nodule
Hyperthyroidism and thyroid nodule: the Australian GP guide
Hyperthyroidism — Graves' disease, toxic nodular goitre, thyroiditis — diagnosis, carbimazole, radioactive iodine, thyroid nodule TIRADS evaluation.
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Perimenopause cognitive symptoms
Perimenopause and the brain: what actually changes, and what helps
Perimenopause brain fog — what actually changes in the brain, why bloods miss it, and the ROI-ordered AU general-practice approach to what helps.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the AU general practice approach
PCOS — diagnosis using Rotterdam criteria, management of hyperandrogenism, metabolic risk, and fertility using the Australian evidence-based approach.
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Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism: TSH, levothyroxine, and the grey zone in between
Hypothyroidism — what TSH means, when subclinical disease is treated, how levothyroxine is dosed, and what to do if symptoms persist.
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Menopause / perimenopause
Menopause and perimenopause: the modern AU general-practice framework
Menopause and perimenopause — what changes, when MHT is appropriate, non-hormonal options, and the AU general-practice pathway.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes: what AU general practice actually does in 2026
Type 2 diabetes — diagnosis, AU GP management framework, second-line agents (SGLT2i, GLP-1 RA), and what lifestyle change actually changes.
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Metabolic syndrome and weight management — dietary timing
Intermittent fasting: what trials show for weight, glucose, and metabolic risk
Intermittent fasting — what the trials show on weight, glucose, lipids and blood pressure, and how AU general practice weighs it for who and when.